Bennington Center, Vermont, often referred to simply as Bennington, is a town steeped in American history. From its early settlement in the 18th century to its role in the Revolutionary War and beyond, Bennington has been a pivotal location in the shaping of Vermont and the broader United States. This article delves into the rich history of Bennington Center, exploring its founding, key historical events, and notable figures who have left an indelible mark on this picturesque town.
The Founding of Bennington
Bennington was chartered on January 3, 1749, by Benning Wentworth, the colonial governor of New Hampshire. The town was named in his honor, and it became the first of the New Hampshire Grants, marking the beginning of organized settlement in what would become Vermont. Despite the early charter, actual settlement in Bennington did not begin until 1761 when a group of settlers, led by Captain Samuel Robinson, arrived from Hardwick, Massachusetts. Robinson, a veteran of the French and Indian War, is credited with leading the first group of permanent settlers to the area.
The initial settlers were primarily Congregational Separatists who sought to establish a community centered around their religious beliefs. They constructed the first meeting house in 1763, and by 1765, the town had a fully organized government, making it one of the earliest examples of self-governance in the region.
The Role of Bennington in the American Revolution
Bennington’s most significant contribution to American history is undoubtedly its role in the Revolutionary War. The town became famous for the Battle of Bennington, which took place on August 16, 1777. Although the battle occurred about 10 miles away in present-day New York, it is named after Bennington because the town was the location of the military supplies that were the target of the British forces.
The battle was a critical victory for the American forces. General John Stark, leading a militia of New Hampshire men, along with forces from Vermont and Massachusetts, successfully defeated a detachment of British and Hessian troops commanded by Lieutenant Colonel Friedrich Baum. The victory at Bennington was a turning point in the Saratoga campaign, which eventually led to the surrender of British General John Burgoyne’s army at Saratoga, New York. This victory was instrumental in securing French support for the American cause, which was crucial to the ultimate success of the Revolution.
The Bennington Battle Monument, a 306-foot-high obelisk, was erected in 1891 to commemorate this significant event. It remains the tallest human-made structure in Vermont and a symbol of the town’s pivotal role in the fight for American independence.
The Growth and Development of Bennington
Following the Revolutionary War, Bennington continued to grow and develop as an important center for industry and commerce in Vermont. The town’s location along key transportation routes made it a hub for the production and distribution of goods. By the early 19th century, Bennington had established itself as a center for pottery, textiles, and iron production. Bennington Pottery, founded in 1793, became one of the most renowned pottery manufacturers in the United States, known for its distinctive Blue Agateware.
In addition to its industrial achievements, Bennington became a cultural center in the region. The establishment of Bennington College in 1932 marked the town as a place of progressive education and artistic innovation. The college attracted notable figures in the arts and humanities, including the poet Robert Frost, who served as a faculty member.
Notable Figures of Bennington
Bennington has been home to several notable figures throughout its history. Ethan Allen, one of the founders of Vermont and a leader of the Green Mountain Boys, spent much of his life in Bennington. Allen’s efforts to defend the New Hampshire Grants against New York’s territorial claims were instrumental in the eventual creation of Vermont as an independent republic and later as the 14th state in the Union.
Another prominent figure associated with Bennington is Grandma Moses, the famous American folk artist. Born Anna Mary Robertson Moses in nearby Greenwich, New York, she spent much of her life in Eagle Bridge, just across the Vermont-New York border. Her paintings, which depicted rural life in New England, garnered national acclaim, and many of her works are housed in the Bennington Museum.
Bennington Today: A Blend of History and Modernity
Today, Bennington is a thriving community that honors its historical roots while embracing modernity. The town’s historic districts, including Old Bennington and North Bennington, preserve the architectural and cultural heritage of the area, with many buildings dating back to the 18th and 19th centuries. The Old First Church, originally built in 1805 and restored in the 20th century, stands as a testament to the town’s religious and communal heritage.
In addition to its historical attractions, Bennington offers a vibrant arts scene, numerous outdoor recreational opportunities, and a strong sense of community. The town hosts various annual events and festivals, such as the Bennington Battle Day celebration, which commemorates the Battle of Bennington and highlights the town’s role in American history.
In Summary
Bennington Center, Vermont, is a town rich in history and cultural significance. From its founding in the mid-18th century to its critical role in the American Revolution and its ongoing contributions to industry and the arts, Bennington has played a vital role in the development of Vermont and the United States. As the town continues to grow and evolve, it remains a living testament to the resilience and determination of its people, and a place where history is preserved and celebrated for future generations.